客驿风尘面，花坐墨痕枝

腾讯云服务器安装MySQL 5.7

操作系统： CentOS 7.6 64bit

安装步骤

1. 下载MySQL yum包

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wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

安装日志：

--2022-09-08 22:55:04--  http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.206.160.230
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.206.160.230|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 25680 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm’

100%[=========================================================================================================================================================================>] 25,680      31.8KB/s   in 0.8s

2022-09-08 22:55:06 (31.8 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm’ saved [25680/25680]

2. 安装MySQL源

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rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

安装日志：

warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql57-community-release-el7-11 ################################# [100%]

3. 安装MySQL服务端（需要等待一段时间）

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yum install -y mysql-community-server

安装过程报错：

......
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 Package    : mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql


Public key for mysql-community-client-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed


 Failing package is: mysql-community-client-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64
 GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

原因是Mysql的GPG升级了，需要重新获取:

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rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

然后再次执行yum install -y mysql-community-server:

......
Total size: 210 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 			1/6
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 			2/6
  Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 			3/6
  Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 			4/6
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 		5/6
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 					6/6
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 			1/6
  Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 			2/6
  Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 			3/6
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 			4/6
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64 		5/6
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 					6/6

Installed:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.39-1.el7                         mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.39-1.el7                         mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.39-1.el7

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.39-1.el7                                                             mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.39-1.el7

Replaced:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7

Complete!

4. 启动MySQL

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systemctl start mysqld.service

5. 检查是否启动成功

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systemctl status mysqld.service

 mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-09-08 23:08:46 CST; 7s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 22378 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 22290 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 22381 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27
   Memory: 327.0M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─22381 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Sep 08 23:08:35 VM-12-8-centos systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Sep 08 23:08:46 VM-12-8-centos systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

6. 获取临时密码（MySQL5.7为root用户随机生成了一个密码）

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grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

输出如下：

2022-09-08T15:08:41.707233Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 5I:Mpir0*Vco

7. 通过临时密码登录MySQL，进行修改密码操作

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mysql -uroot -p

使用临时密码登录后，不能进行其他的操作，否则会报错，这时候我们进行修改密码操作。

因为MySQL的密码规则需要很复杂，我们一般自己设置的不会设置成这样，所以我们全局修改一下。

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mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;

这时候我们就可以自己设置想要的密码了：

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mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';

然后，授权其他机器远程登录：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword';

8. 开机自启动

先退出mysql命令行，然后输入以下命令

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2

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

9. 修改MySQL配置

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vim /etc/my.cnf

修改成如下配置：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
 
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
 
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character_set_server=utf8
 
symbolic-links=0
 
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

重启：

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service mysqld restart

10. 防火墙开放3306端口

firewall-cmd --state
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

这一步骤服务器警告：

➜  / firewall-cmd --state
not running

改为在腾讯云控制台增加防火墙规则，同样生效：

image-20220908233313450

11. 卸载MySQL仓库

一开始的时候我们安装的yum，每次yum操作都会更新一次，耗费时间，我们把他卸载掉

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rpm -qa | grep mysql

卸载日志:

➜  / rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-common-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64
mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch
mysql-community-libs-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.39-1.el7.x86_64

然后执行：

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yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch

日志：

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-11 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                         Arch                                         Version                                        Repository                                       Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 mysql57-community-release                                       noarch                                       el7-11                                         installed                                        31 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 31 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch                                                                                                                                                         1/1
  Verifying  : mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch                                                                                                                                                         1/1

Removed:
  mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-11

Complete!

数据库操作小结

（1）查看mysql是否启动：service mysqld status

启动mysql：service mysqld start

停止mysql：service mysqld stop

重启mysql：service mysqld restart

（2）查看临时密码：grep password /var/log/mysqld.log

updatedupdated2023-06-032023-06-03
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